Ø Active Voice
Adalah kalimat yang subjeknya (S) melakukan pekerjaan.
Contoh:
Ismail eats mango. (Azam makan mangga)
S + V + O
Note : Ismail = S (melakukan pekerjaan makan)
Ø Passive Voice
Adalah kalimat yang subjeknya (S) dikenai pekerjaan.
Contoh:
Mango is eaten by Ismail. (mangga dimakan Azam)
S +
V
Note :
Mango = S (dikenai pekerjaan makan)
Kalimat Active
dapat di ubah menjadi kalimat Pessive dan sebaliknya.Tetapi kalimat yang
dapat diubah dari aktif menjadi pasif adalah kalimat transitif (kalimat yang
memiliki objek).
Contoh:
Active :
Mary helped the boy.
S + V
+ O
Passive : The boy was helped by Mary.
S + V
Pola dasar kalimat aktif dan pasif
Perhatikan perubahan
tenses dari kalimat aktif ke pasif di bawah ini:
A.‘By’ digunakan dalam
kalimat pasif apabila pelaku pekerjaan perlu untuk diketahui.
Contoh:
‘Life on the Mississippi’ was written by Mark Twain.
B.Kalimat pasif
digunakan apabila tidak perlu diketahui pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh:
The streets are swept every day.
C.Kalimat pasif
digunakan apabila kita tidak tahu atau lupa siapa pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh:
The professor was murdered.
D.Kalimat pasif
digunakan apabila subject pada kalimat aktif adalah ‘people’.
Contoh:
He is suspected of receiving stolen goods. (People
suspect him of …)
E.Kalimat pasif
digunakan apabila subject pada kalimat aktif berupa indefinite pronoun ‘one’.
Contoh:
Active : One sees this sort of
advertisement everywhere.
Passive :
This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.
F.Kalimat pasif
digunakan apabila kita lebih tertarik dengan pekerjaan (action) daripada siapa
pelaku pekerjaan.
Cotoh:
A new public library is being built.
G.Kalimat pasif dapat
digunakan untuk menghindari kalimat yang janggal atau tidak sesuai dengan tata
bahasa.
Contoh:
When he arrived home a detective arrested him.
Akan lebih baik :
When he arrived home he was arrested (by a detective).
Contoh kalimat Active
ke Passive dengan menggunakan tenses :
Active Passive
v Simp;e Present
- She drivers the car. Menjadi -
The car is drivern by her.
v Simple Past
- She drove the car. Menjadi - The car was driven by
her.
v Simple Future
- She will drive the
car. Menjadi - The car will be driven
by her.
v Present Continous
- She is driving the
car. Menjadi - The car is being driven
by her.
v Past Continous
- She was driving the
car. Menjadi -
The car was being driven by her.
v Future Continous
- She will be driving
the car. Menjadi - The car will be being
driven by her.
v Present Perfect
- She has driven the
car. Menjadi -
The car has been driven by her.
v Past Perfect
- She had driven the
car. Menjadi -
The car had been driven by her.
v Future Perfect
- She will have driven
the car. Menjadi - The car will have been
driven by her.
v Present Perfect Continous
- She has been driving
the car. Menjadi - The car has been being
driven by her.
v Past Perfect Continous
- She had been driving
the car. Menjadi - The car had been being
driven by her.
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